What is Psychopathy Free Essays

Psychopathy is an issue for society all in all, seeing that it could without much of a stretch lead people that are experiencing this character issue to brutal and criminal acts. The bases of psychopathy are known to be natural, sociological, and mental. While amygdala brokenness is believed to be liable for psychopathy, an individual’s dissatisfaction with their low financial status may likewise lead the person in question to perpetrate demonstrations of wrongdoing uncovering psychopathic highlights all the while. We will compose a custom exposition test on What is Psychopathy? or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now Analysts accept that low IQ may comparatively be answerable for psychopathic conduct. Furthermore, they have widely considered character characteristics, for example, those on the Big Five character measurements, to comprehend psychopathic attributes specifically. Aside from the abovementioned, this paper additionally examines helpful mediations concerning psychopathy. Presentation In kids just as grown-ups, psychopathy is characterized based on three measurements: (1) a â€Å"arrogant beguiling relational style†¦including chattiness or shallow appeal, narcissism or a pompous feeling of self-esteem, lying, conning, control, and trickiness; (2) lacking emotional experience†¦including low regret, low blame, a frail soul, insensitivity, low compassion, shallow effect, and an inability to acknowledge obligation regarding activities (disavowals, pardons, and so on ; and (3) a hasty or flighty social style†¦including weariness, fervor chasing, an absence of long haul objectives, imprudence, neglecting to think before acting, and a parasitic way of life (obligations, inadmissible work propensities, and so on. )† (Cooke Michie, 2001). No big surprise, psychopathy is thoroughly examined regarding criminal conduct. Analysts are additionally keen on finding out about the underlying foundations of psychopathy in kids. These investigations depend on th e reason that it is difficult to attempt to tackle an issue without an exhaustive comprehension of its underlying foundations. Psychopathy in Literature Blair (2001) clarifies that the foundations of psychopathy might just lie in amygdala brokenness. The amygdala is identified with the enthusiastic reaction, specifically, the flight or battle reaction to dangers. With weakness in this fundamental territory of the human cerebrum, the individual can't make suitable enthusiastic reactions to dangers. The enthusiastic brokenness in the individual experiencing psychopathy is sufficient to fill in as proof that the pieces of the cerebrum associated with feelings are weakened on account of those experiencing psychopathy (Blair). Additionally, Blair interfaces the direct issue and reserved character issue with psychopathy to portray that there are similitudes between the issues. The creator adds to our past meaning of psychopathy by expressing that those that are experiencing this specific issue uncover â€Å"emotional shallowness† notwithstanding solitary practices that are regularly set apart by hostility and disapproving (Blair). Solitary conduct is frequently identified with the Intelligence Quotient just as the financial status of the individual that shows it. In this way, psychopathy may comparatively be associated with the IQ and financial status of those that experience the ill effects of it. Specifically, the individuals who are less wise and who likewise experience the ill effects of needs because of their present financial status, may communicate their passionate disappointments through introverted conduct, accordingly getting near the meaning of psychopathy (Blair). Rutter (2005) contends that albeit solitary conduct isn't actually equivalent to psychopathy, the significance of researching the last lies in the proof that those that are named â€Å"psychopathic offenders† will in general start their â€Å"criminal careers† at an early age. Moreover, these people â€Å"are bound to become tenacious wrongdoers than the crooks without psychopathy features† (Rutter). Furthermore, psychopathic wrongdoers or lawbreakers are regularly known to be fierce and to oppose helpful mediation. The creator likewise makes reference to new instruments that have been created to gauge the attributes of psychopathy in youngsters just as grown-ups. These instruments incorporate the â€Å"Antisocial Process Screening Device† (Rutter). Additionally as per Rutter, youngster therapists and kid clinicians have indicated hesitance in diagnosing psychopathy in kids and youths, in view of the conviction that the conclusion may definitely lead youthful people to awful results in the days to come. Then again, it is felt that grown-ups that are experiencing the character issue we comprehend as psychopathy, may have had the difficult attributes even in adolescence. Subsequently, it is additionally accepted to be simpler to begin remedial projects in adolescence in order to help the youthful in maintaining a strategic distance from awful results in future (Rutter). Salekin Frick (2005) express that youthful people with psychopathic qualities might be experiencing a specific arrangement of intellectual just as full of feeling shortfalls. Information on the â€Å"specific causal pathway† of psychopathy in kids and young people could end up being weighty in the structure of â€Å"individualized interventions† for such adolescents (Salekin Frick). All things considered, the most significant motivation behind why analysts might want to see increasingly about psychopathic characteristics in young people is that these attributes help to â€Å"predict future reserved, criminal, and rough behavior† (Salekin Frick). Clinicians are additionally mindful that kids with psychopathic characteristics show the â€Å"highest paces of lead issues, self-detailed wrongdoing, and police contacts† (Salekin Frick). Salekin, Rogers, Machin (2001) led an examination on young people with psychopathic qualities. This exploration was directed through a review that was conveyed to in excess of 500 clinical clinicians, requesting that they portray psychopathic attributes in young people; sex contrasts between adolescents with psychopathic qualities; and furthermore the sorts of intercessions that therapists had utilized with such adolescents. The aftereffects of the examination uncovered that kids with psychopathic highlights will in general offer these highlights with grown-ups that are additionally experiencing psychopathy. The mean age of the youth with psychopathic qualities is barely fourteen years. The normal youth with psychopathic highlights has an eighth grade level training. Besides, there are a bigger number of young men than young ladies demonstrating psychopathic characteristics. Despite the fact that the young men with psychopathic attributes are increasingly forceful, and regularly savage; young ladies with psychopathic highlights will in general be less forceful. Such young ladies uncover their psychopathic qualities through solitary conduct just as threatening vibe (Salekin, Rogers, Machin). The examination further uncovered the overarching conviction of clinical clinicians that it is very hard for them to treat psychopathy. Remedial intercessions are additionally accepted to work all the more successfully for young people when contrasted with grown-ups. This is on the grounds that the character of kids is regularly thought to be more liquid than the character of grown-ups. Consequently, clinical analysts revealed that they had seen â€Å"moderate-to-stamped gains† of psychotherapy in youngsters and youths rewarded for psychopathy (Salekin, Rogers, Machin). Young ladies by and large apparently benefitted more from psychotherapy than young men. Clinical analysts found a stamped decrease in viciousness, misconduct, notwithstanding verbal animosity, much following one year of psychotherapeutic treatment for youngsters and teenagers experiencing psychopathy. All things being equal, the clinicians detailed that solitary practices are some of the time covered up in the natures of the young people and â€Å"outside the domain of psychotherapists† (Salekin, Rogers, Machin). Consequently, this examination called for additional exploration to increase our comprehension of psychotherapeutic treatment for young people with psychopathic highlights. Farrington (2005) calls attention to that despite the fact that psychotherapeutic treatment for psychopathy should start early, and ought to be broad, there are different issues that make remedial mediation troublesome. In the first place, â€Å"psychopathy is incredibly diligent all through life,† thus, despite the fact that clinical therapists have watched enhancements in young people with psychopathic highlights after psychotherapy, the issue qualities of such adolescents may not so much disappear (Farrington). Second, psychopathy is likewise accepted to have an organic reason, I. e. amygdala brokenness, and organic causes can't be turned around through mental intercessions. Besides, mental cases are manipulative people, and they are regularly ready to mislead and bamboozle psychotherapists to become â€Å"treatment-resistant† (Farrington). Farrington additionally makes reference to the Big Five character measurements that clinicians have regularly utilized trying to comprehend the issue characteristics of people experiencing psychopathy, before they can devise better remedial models to support them. The five character measurements are: â€Å"Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness† (Farrington). Out of these five measurements, suitability, scruples, and neuroticism are generally applicable to concentrates on psychopathy. The creator portrays how people with psychopathic qualities are relied upon to passage on the Big Five character measurements: Agreeableness incorporates straightforwardness (with trickery at the contrary end), benevolence (v. exploitativeness), humility (v. egotism), and tendermindedness (v. hardness). Honesty incorporates devotion (with helpless trustworthiness at the negative end), accomplishment endeavoring (v. aimlessness), self-control (v. debauchery), and thought (v. arelessness). Neuroticism incorporates lack of caution and furious antagonistic vibe, in spite of the fact that it additionally in

Reflective Essay On Project Management Managers And Teams

Question: Depict about the Reflective Essay on Project Management for Managers and Teams. Answer: Proficient direction in the executives of task is significant for venture supervisors and groups. The learning of venture the executives of collection of information, and arranging process bunch in class gives legitimate rules and rules that can be used by venture teams(Cleland, 2013). I had the option to learn best practices and code of morals to control venture experts. The educated regions and procedures learnt secured the board of degree, time, cost, quality, assets, correspondence, hazard and procurement(PMI., 2013). I learnt venture joining the executives learning process by understanding different methodologies used to oversee ventures. I got the hang of concocting a task the executives plan a documentation demonstrating exercises to be performed to accomplish expected objectives(Wysocki, 2014). The methodologies I learnt depend on systems utilized for various ventures. For instance the light-footed task the executives (iterative) which can be utilized in PC related undertakings. Likewise I had the option to gain from arranging process bunch reasons why individuals plan, disappointments of idealistic and critical planning(Larson, 2011). One educated territory for a venture administrator is time the executives. I had the option to arrangement and gauge time for different exercises by creating and controlling them(PMI., 2013). I leant both work breakdown structure and basic way strategy as planning apparatuses for time. Work breakdown structure which includes partitioning ventures into sub ventures, assignments, subtasks, and work bundles by utilization of codes, while basic way technique is the longest way demonstrating opportunity to achieve exercises dependent on plausible time after thought of hopeful and skeptical occasions. The learning procedure gave me great bits of knowledge of how assets can be evaluated and secured. I figured out how to utilize closely resembling and parametric estimation in arranging and asset costing. One basic segment in usage is sourcing of assets for the undertaking. The learning procedure gave me a reasonable information on how obtainment arranging is done from requesting, choice, contract granting to contract closeout(Wysocki, 2014). I had the option to figure out how HR are gained and created. The authority styles include: law based (permits equivalent dynamic), absolutist (venture administrator settles on choice alone), and participative (everybody is associated with exercises). Initiative is basic in venture execution, group advancement and inspiration of colleagues. The introduction to initiative styles has helped me pick the best style to utilize in the executives of undertakings. Different abilities I learnt included: the utilization of hazard registers demonstrating how dangers can be distinguished, dissected reaction and checked, the utilization of correspondence plans indicating channel and method of correspondence. Finally I figured out how quality administration can be kept up, guaranteed and controlled. The additional abilities learnt help the executives of undertaking effectively(Larson, 2011). All in all, different procedure discovered hard to appreciate and comprehend they incorporate cost estimation (utilizing strategies of estimations); basic way strategy investigation (computations of various occasions and buoys). I consulted with different understudies who had comprehended the points. My quality included utilization of venture hypothetical ideas and standards, while my constraint was the way to make examination and calculations including mathematics and arithmetic in venture the board. References Cleland, D. A. (2013). Task the executives handbook. New York, United States: Van Nostrand Reinhold. Larson, E. A. (2011). Venture the board: the administrative procedure . New York: Mc Graw Hill. PMI. (2013). A manual for venture the executives collection of information . Newtown Square: PA: PMI. Wysocki, R. (2014). Successful task the board . Indianapolis: John Wiley Sons.

Book review, Movie Made America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Book audit, Movie Made America - Essay Example Various film makers and chiefs moved to Hollywood to guarantee the business waits. The brilliant age started with a conclusion to the quiet period. Various types developed that included â€Å"western, droll parody, film noir, melodic, energized animation, biopic and newsreels†. Films prospered and the film business turned into a decent business to wander. Various wonderful film works rose, since film makers and executives grew an excessive number of motion pictures with desires for getting the best among the many. The merger among belief system and innovation grouped the new Hollywood that was responsible for the 1980s methodology of collaboration as link organizations thrived and the utilization of video developed (Sklar 115). Regarding financing early movie producers confronted troublesome occasions in guaranteeing film, creation was of acceptable quality and respectable. Movie producers finished delivering numerous films so they could profit by the not many that succeeded. Also, theaters demonstrated motion pictures at less expensive costs with the goal that producers could get something from their work. Entertainers were not paid much on the grounds that the business was not doing great monetarily. Budgetary issues were additionally actuated by the nearness of oversight from the administration. Oversight was built up to guarantee open worry about the quality; legitimacy, goodness and taste of movies created were of the necessary measures. Strict gatherings and other amazing specialists additionally mentioned for restriction in movies to guarantee ethics of the general public were regarded and followed. Accordingly, producers had to guarantee their film work went through restriction so they could get position to deal and disseminate their work (Sklar 116). Governmental issues overwhelmed the film business in 1947, refering to that movie producers were utilizing purposeful publicity in their movies. Walt Disney and Ronald Reagan were among the main Hol lywood experts with legal disputes. A board of trustees was in this way settled to oppose the administration obstruction in the business. Socialism was the primary subject of the court hearings and producers attempted to safeguard themselves in all habits conceivable. Moreover, the created board of trustees helped with guaranteeing government impedance in the film business was restricted for future purposes (Sklar 117). Changes in the film business in America can be followed by checking the quality and the substance contained in the early motion pictures to date. For example, after the Word war two movie producers packed more in giving substance identified with war encounters and hardships. A large portion of the on-screen characters were associated with the war in this way; they accompanied new encounters and feelings after the war. Furthermore, innovative improvement can be seen through films, from quiet motion pictures, to movies to kid's shows and livelinesss to 3D pictures. Add itionally, the nature of the photos taken has changed extra time. In this way, by just concentrating on the motion pictures from yester years one can see the history and culture of Americans plainly (Sklar 118). Through the film business, we discover that America is an adaptable country obliging everybody through the film business. Moreover, America as a country likes changes, along these lines through the motion pictures we can see the numerous progressions that have occurred in people’s lives. Toward the start, pinhole cameras were utilized to extend moving pictures on a screen. At that point, recording of pictures for later survey was outlandish. In 1830s, moving

Studying the character of Caliban in The Tempest Essay Example for Free

Contemplating the character of Caliban in The Tempest Essay â€Å"There’s enough wood within,†-Caliban (1, 2). Those were the primary expressions of Caliban in one of the William Shakespeare’s most noteworthy plays. In each play of his, there is consistently this one character that truly comes into consideration †and for this play, it’s Caliban. Caliban’s character in The Tempest is depicted in such a way; it catches the consideration of numerous crowds. He is first demonstrated to be a savage who in the later stages, opens up, to not turn out to be progressively colossal, however a kind individual. In the wake of investigating this play, I have grown a considerable amount of assessments on his character all through the compensation, which I will develop, in further detail. Initiating with a Tempest, that Prospero evokes, we can see that the team truly makes some hard memories, as Trinculo and Stephano hop over the edge. When the Tempest quiets down, Trinculo discovers this magnificent island where he initially meets Caliban. â€Å"Lo now, lo! Here comes a feeling of his to torment me,† (2, 2) and furthermore when Stephano comes in, â€Å"Do not torment me, I prithee (2, 2).† From this, I can build up that Caliban’s little dread of Trinculo and Stephano begins here. At the point when he understands that they aren’t spirits to torment, he before long slackens himself up and says, â€Å"These be fine things, and on the off chance that they not sprites! That’s a daring god and bears divine alcohol (2, 2)† From this circumstance, it is apparent that Caliban is an individual whose feelings of dread doesn't hinder knowing individuals. From what quickly occurred, I can educate that he is opening disapproved concerning individuals. Guaranteeing that, â€Å"The soul torments me,† to calling Stephano, â€Å"A fearless God,† who in his eyes, offers grand lager, takes an individual who can trust. To place trust into individuals has numerous extraordinary viewpoints †much quality, yet for this situation, his trust was later taken on as a shortcoming. The reality he likewise calls an individual he just met, a God, shows that he has never been treated with so much generosity, as a little signal of offering lager transforms a steward into a God. In any case, the regard he gives, he doesn’t get. Stephano says, â€Å"How now, moon calf? (2, 2)† The words moon calf isn't exceptionally lovely, as it implies twisted posterity. With this expression, he is offending Caliban and his folks, as he came as a revolting kid from them. Most likely recognizing what a moon calf construes, he didn’t return with an affront, however answered merciful, â€Å"Hast thou not dropped from heaven?† This is odd, in such a case that Prospero said that, he would revile him will all the names under the sun. This shows he regards them beyond all doubt and never needs to lose them as bosses as well as companions. His regard and trust increments as he later of says, â€Å"I’ll kiss thy foot. I’ll swear myself thy subject.† When Caliban says this, he is naturally electing to become at a lower status than them. He is offering to slave away and as I would see it, this is fainthearted conduct, as he realized that Stephano and Trinculo are frozen of this â€Å"Monstrous moon calf!† He could have the 2 to be his slave, however he didn’t. Rather, he complied with all their orders, as for instance, stoop when Stephano says, â€Å"Come on then down and swear.† This makes him feeble, who doesn’t obey Prospero, however like a â€Å"Puppy headed monster,† acts like a dependable, charming pup towards Stephano. Caliban acts like this since he isn’t slice out to be a pioneer, however a slave. I accept this descends to his mom neglecting to sustain him positively. Despite the fact that he is a beast, he is appeared to endure indistinguishable mental impacts from people. This implies the nonappearance of his mom to control him, has influenced him a terrible part, cutting down his certainty and capacity to step up. Sycorax, his mom more likely than not treated him in such a manner to cause him generally to feel like he is under everybody. For instance, she took the island Caliban got himself. She at that point assumed responsibility for things straight away, not letting Caliban have a state. In a differentiating side to Caliban, he can be extremely savage, tricky and insubordinate. His fierce side was not appeared in the play, yet was discussed when he, Prospero and Miranda were talking. â€Å"In mine own cell; till thou didst look to abuse the respect of my youngster. (1, 2)† The distinctions of Prospero’s youngster, would have been Miranda’s virginity. In the solaces of her own home, Caliban would have assaulted her. Caliban was truly acknowledged as a piece of their family, however he blew it when he endeavored to assault her, His sexual fascination towards Miranda, is the thing that made him misleading. In answer to this, Caliban said â€Å"O ho, O ho! Wouldn’t have been finished! Thou didst forestall me; I had inhabited else this isle with Calibans.† Inevitably, he would have assaulted her and pulled off it. Nothing could have happened to stop him. What's more, to state that he would have filled the isle with Calibans; minimal massive things running about the spot, is nefarious conduct. He likewise began by saying â€Å"O ho, O ho!† In this specific circumstance, he is devilishly chuckling at the way that on the off chance that he went ahead with the assault, he (like an attacker), would have no regret. In addition, he is very offending towards Prospero. On various events, he takes each risk to take a poke at Prospero. He makes statements like â€Å"May the red plague free you (1, 2)† or â€Å"Subject to be a tyrant† and some more. The one truly long discourse that curses Prospero truly gives the crowd an immense lump of Caliban’s feelings towards Prospero. â€Å"Teach me how to name the greater light and how the less that consume by day and night and afterward I adored thee,† When he said that, it’s excellent how he acknowledged how Prospero showed him language. At the point when he said â€Å"I adored thee,† it shows he truly cherished the old life he had. As I would like to think, in the event that somebody, even Caliban, adored an individual; a component of affection will consistently stay inside oneself. This little piece of affection and satisfaction immediately went to outrage. Outrage is one of Caliban’s qualities. â€Å"Curst be I did as such. All the charms of Sycorax, frogs, creepy crawlies, bats, light on you,† Not simply outrage yet lament is indicated when he says â€Å"Curst be I did that so,† Here, he went to an acknowledgment that trusting Prospero was an ill-conceived notion as he had everything tossed back in his face. Such a lot of being felt, he communicated by tossing back what Prospero gave in his face. The educating of good language, he went to a revile, later on reviling him with his own mom. Breaking down those 2 lines, we can see that Caliban is a pained individual who simply needs what a human needs. His principle wish is regard. All he needs is to be treated with deference simply like previously. The difficulty is Caliban doesn’t comprehend why all the trust in him was lost. This is one piece of him that makes individuals think, he isn’t human, despite the fact that different pieces of his character is. Utilizing â€Å"Sycorax† in the revile, makes me consider his distress for a human body and a typical mother. Somewhere inside, Caliban must accuse his twisted body for his mom, who is so foul; she is utilized in a revile. With regards to the decision framework and their accounts to the crown, Caliban and Prospero have a likeness. â€Å"Which first was mine own king,† He is here essentially saying that he himself was the lord of the island until Prospero tagged along. This is like Prospero’s story, as he was a usurped ruler. I think Caliban can relate to Prospero, yet the inverse can’t be finished The explanation this can’t happen is on the grounds that Prospero severely dislikes Caliban. â€Å"Though noxious slave got by the fallen angel himself,† By him getting called a toxic slave, shows the amount he considers Caliban. Considering him a noxious slave, show that all the think Caliban does is cause passing and is sent by the fiend to do as such. In addition, the mischievous idea of him is extended. He accepts that Caliban is a â€Å"most lying slave, whom stripes may move not kindness,† When he says this, he implies that Caliban won't tune in, or do anything out of thoughtfulness, however out of getting away from all the whipping he gets. Miranda then reacts to this and says â€Å"Though thou didst learn, had that int which great natures!† Here, she is telling Prospero and Caliban regardless of the amount she showed him habits, he never appeared to learn. Here is the place the possibility of nature and support comes in. A few people would contend, this is down to sustain and how he was raised by his appalling mother. They would accuse it just for her as she dismissed him to let him battle for himself. This isn't what a decent mother would do. In any case, others would contend this is all down to nature and that a few people were brought into the world abhorrence. To be brought into the world fiendishness, implies that they will never learn, they would consistently be coldblooded, not care about anybody encompassing them, all in light of the fact that the individual is narrow minded. I don’t think either about these elements are to be faulted on the grounds that I know Caliban shows at least a bit of kindness, however he just picks when and when not to be thoughtful and when and when not to tune in. Through benevolence, he could disclose what he feels to Prospero, yet rather plots to have him killed, close by Stephano and Trinculo. â€Å"I’ll yield him thee sleeping, where thou mayst thump a nail into his head,† This strategy for death is extremely shocking, indicating he is a rough individual, as thumping a nail into ones head includes an enormous measure of blood. Then again, Caliban might be thinking loathsome passing strategies, yet can't complete the homicide himself. He clarifies how he will get Prospero to rest, yet then requests Stephano to thump a nail in his mind. There are 2 different ways of breaking down this, Caliban is intellectually feeble and doesn’t have the ability to convey

World History The Prairie Light Review- Examples of New Technology

Question: 1. In a passage, depict how new innovation made World War I fundamentally not quite the same as prior wars. Give instances of new innovation and portray their significance to the war. 2. Take a gander at the artistic creation Guitar and Bottle by Juan Gris, made in 1921. Portray its aesthetic style and how this style mirrors a social response to advancement during the period where it was made3. Portray the social and political factors in Germany during the Nazi system that prompted the mistreatment and elimination of minority gatherings, particularly Jews. 4. After World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union battled for impact in Europe. What techniques did every administration seek after to keep up its degree of impact? How did this influence the countries in both Eastern and Western Europe? 5. In a short section, portray John Maynard Keynes' major financial methods of reasoning and how his convictions varied from monetary hypotheses that were mainstream during the early long periods of the Great Depression. Answer: 1. First World War was not normal for any past war for its dependence on the progressed mechanical innovation just as the expound financial and political association of bellicose countries. It very well may be expressed that the First World War saw the principal wide spread utilized of the automatic rifles, submarine activities, air power, reinforced vehicles and toxin gas. Aside from that, it tends to be expressed that this war was portrayed by a practically uncommon preparation of the regular citizen assets so as to raise the pace of battle. Dalla Costa, Sarah have expressed that what made First World War not the same as the past wars were the utilization of tanks, planes alongside the long range mounted guns. Also, new lines of assault rifles were torn through infantry progresses. Atomic weapons, space weapons, secrecy airplane, tomahawk rockets, submarines and automatons are a portion of the new innovations that have adjusted the procedure of fighting (Soroka, Marina). 2. Guitar and Bottle is one of the celebrated works of art of Juan Gris, painted in the year 1921. The style of this artistic creation was engineered cubism and the class is still life. Through pastel, gouache and canvas this momentous still life picture was made. It is required to make reference to here that in the year 1906, Juan Gris made a trip to Paris and meet Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque. They propelled him so much that he began taking a shot at engineered cubism. It tends to be expressed that engineered cubism was creative in nature, as it centers around utilizing of composition and papier colles (Eimert, Dorothea). Both these components help in overcoming any issues among presence and artistic work through interleaving bits of this present reality on the image. Be that as it may, history says that these composition later generally affected some development like Dada (1916-1924), Surrealism (1924 onwards) and Pop Art (1960-1975). 3. Smith et al. in their examination work has expressed that in the repercussion of First World War, Germany was in disorder circumstance until 1920s. This circumstance was ideal for setting the ascent of progressive belief systems just as fomenter political pioneers. It is accepted that Nazis arranged the annihilation of the Jews since their takeover of expert in 1933. In this unique situation, one of the significant term is substitute, as Hitler and Nazis all idea that Jews were responsible for tremendous occasions like trailing in First World War just as the money related calamity. Aside from that, Hitler accepted that all issues of Germanys were a direct result of the Jews. From the pages of history, it tends to be seen that enemy of Semitism was one of the normal enemy of Jewish slants and this too was profoundly powerful that impacted Nazis to murder Jews. Soon after the Election on fifth March, 1933, Hitler and Nazis began taking once again Germany and began unlash their annoy ance against the Jews (Orlow). 4. History expresses that after the World War II, both the United States and the Soviet Union fought their best for keeping up its degree of impact. It tends to be seen that there were a huge exertion to contain USSR from forcing its monetary just as political belief system on the countries that were debilitated by their serious association in World War II. NATO was started by the western partners so as to confront a potential endeavor by USSR to fold their powers into Western Europe as the Western Europe began revamping from World War II (Tackett, Timothy). It tends to be seen that in spite of the fact that the Soviet Union was triumphant in Second World War, its financial condition had been crushed in the whole battle. During the post World War period, Stalin fixed its fair controls so as to keep up its degree of impact. In any case, the US too began demonstrating more capacity to keep up their equivalent situation in the worldwide situation (Taggart, Donald). 5. It is notwithstanding to make reference to that John Maynard was so persuasive in the center third century that a total school of current reasoning that stands his name. The focal topic of the idea was that the legislature is sufficiently fit to settle the financial condition. It tends to be expressed that during the Great Depression of the 1930s, the available hypothesis was inadequate to exhibit the reasons of the brutal overall money related tumble down. In his speculation, Keynes contended that inadequate as a rule request could altogether prompt the protracted times of high pace of joblessness (Mini, Piero). He expressed that accumulated interest is profoundly inclined by numerous fiscal ends like open and private. Second standard was costs and especially income, react gradually to the adjustments popular and gracefully. The third conclusion was changes in amassed request; regardless of whether unsurprising or unforeseen have their most extreme short-run impact on the authent ic yield just as business, not on the costs (Hazlitt, Henry). References Dalla Costa, Sarah. World War I.The Prairie Light Review38.2 (2016): 87. Eimert, Dorothea.Art of the twentieth Century. Parkstone International, 2016. Hazlitt, Henry.The disappointment of the new financial aspects: an examination of the Keynesian deceptions. Pickle Partners Publishing, 2016. Small scale, Piero.John Maynard Keynes: an investigation in the brain science of unique work. Springer, 2016. Orlow, Dietrich.The bait of despotism in western Europe: German Nazis, Dutch and French extremists, 1933-1939. Springer, 2016. Smith, Gordon, William E. Paterson, and Peter H. Merki, eds.Developments in West German Politics. Springer, 2016. Soroka, Marina.Britain, Russia and the Road to the First World War: The Fateful Embassy of Count Aleksandr Benckendorff (190316). Routledge, 2016. Tackett, Timothy.Becoming a progressive. Princeton University Pres, 2016. Taggart, Lt Donald G.History of the Third Infantry Division in World War II. Vol. 1. Pickle Partners Publishing, 2016.

Proprietary Estoppel and Promissory Estoppel - 550 Words

Proprietary Estoppel and Promissory Estoppel (Essay Sample) Content: Proprietary Estoppel and Promissory EstoppelName:Institution:Estoppel is a principle that highlights the ways in which promises may actuate to binding obligations. Estoppel comes from the word, estopped, in common parlance means prevented or precluded. An estoppel is a legal doctrine that prevents one person from denying previous position or state of affairs. The importance of estoppel is the avoidance of denial of a statement to which another party acted upon at that moment. Both equity and Common law envisage the equitable right of estoppel. The paper addresses proprietary and promissory estoppel.The multiplicity of estoppel principally depends as per the different facts of the case. In The Bell Group Ltd (in liq) v Westpac Banking Corporation (No 9) (2008) 225 FLR 1 at 393, Owen J said: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Put in general terms, [estoppel] is a doctrine designed to protect a party from the detriment that would flow from that partyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s change of position if the as sumption or expectation that led to it were to be rendered groundless by another.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ The concept of estoppel exists in various forms such as estoppel by representation, estoppel by judgment, estoppel by deed, estoppel in pais, proprietary estoppel, estoppel by conduct, proprietary estoppel, High Trees estoppel among others.Promissory estoppel is an extension of the estoppel by representation. According to Denning J in the High Trees Case (1947), promissory estoppel is the stopping of the detriment incurred by a representee from an ambiguous representation from the promisor. There are two limitations that affect the operation of the doctrine of promissory estoppel. First, the existence of an initial legal relationship between the two parties before the making of the promise (Combe v Combe [1951] 2 KB 215 at 220). The High Trees case sufficiently addressed the limitation since there was a pre-existing landlord-tenant relationship. Secondly, for a suit instigated by the promiso r, the doctrine may serve as a defense against the promisee. Promissory estoppel is an equitable relief that curbs the inadequacies in the law of contract due to lack of consideration. Promissory estoppel delves into the variation of the legal rights emanating from the initial relationship between the two parties (Chitty, 2012, 427).Proprietary estoppel operates both as a shield as well as a sword. According to Chitty (2012), proprietary estoppel operates under the ambit of the law of propriety. The doctrine operates to estop the restriction by landowners regarding legal rights where the landowner actuated the belief in another concerning entitlement to a property. The belief must be acted upon to take effect. The doctrine operates on the notion of acquiescence and inaction than to any action or statement (Chitty, 2012, 428). The Court of equity awards reliefs discretionarily. The award of the court does not exceed the informal promise.There are five elements to address when invoki ng proprietary estoppel. Fry LJ in the case of Willmott v Barber (1880) exposits on the elements. First, the claim must arise from the mistake about the legal rights in and over a piece of land. Secondly, the legitimate land proprietor must know the mistaken belief relied on by the claimant.... Proprietary Estoppel and Promissory Estoppel - 550 Words Proprietary Estoppel and Promissory Estoppel (Essay Sample) Content: Proprietary Estoppel and Promissory EstoppelName:Institution:Estoppel is a principle that highlights the ways in which promises may actuate to binding obligations. Estoppel comes from the word, estopped, in common parlance means prevented or precluded. An estoppel is a legal doctrine that prevents one person from denying previous position or state of affairs. The importance of estoppel is the avoidance of denial of a statement to which another party acted upon at that moment. Both equity and Common law envisage the equitable right of estoppel. The paper addresses proprietary and promissory estoppel.The multiplicity of estoppel principally depends as per the different facts of the case. In The Bell Group Ltd (in liq) v Westpac Banking Corporation (No 9) (2008) 225 FLR 1 at 393, Owen J said: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Put in general terms, [estoppel] is a doctrine designed to protect a party from the detriment that would flow from that partyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s change of position if the as sumption or expectation that led to it were to be rendered groundless by another.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ The concept of estoppel exists in various forms such as estoppel by representation, estoppel by judgment, estoppel by deed, estoppel in pais, proprietary estoppel, estoppel by conduct, proprietary estoppel, High Trees estoppel among others.Promissory estoppel is an extension of the estoppel by representation. According to Denning J in the High Trees Case (1947), promissory estoppel is the stopping of the detriment incurred by a representee from an ambiguous representation from the promisor. There are two limitations that affect the operation of the doctrine of promissory estoppel. First, the existence of an initial legal relationship between the two parties before the making of the promise (Combe v Combe [1951] 2 KB 215 at 220). The High Trees case sufficiently addressed the limitation since there was a pre-existing landlord-tenant relationship. Secondly, for a suit instigated by the promiso r, the doctrine may serve as a defense against the promisee. Promissory estoppel is an equitable relief that curbs the inadequacies in the law of contract due to lack of consideration. Promissory estoppel delves into the variation of the legal rights emanating from the initial relationship between the two parties (Chitty, 2012, 427).Proprietary estoppel operates both as a shield as well as a sword. According to Chitty (2012), proprietary estoppel operates under the ambit of the law of propriety. The doctrine operates to estop the restriction by landowners regarding legal rights where the landowner actuated the belief in another concerning entitlement to a property. The belief must be acted upon to take effect. The doctrine operates on the notion of acquiescence and inaction than to any action or statement (Chitty, 2012, 428). The Court of equity awards reliefs discretionarily. The award of the court does not exceed the informal promise.There are five elements to address when invoki ng proprietary estoppel. Fry LJ in the case of Willmott v Barber (1880) exposits on the elements. First, the claim must arise from the mistake about the legal rights in and over a piece of land. Secondly, the legitimate land proprietor must know the mistaken belief relied on by the claimant....

The Artists Quest Real Truth Beyond Real Life - Literature Essay Samples

The Real Thing was written by Henry James in 1891. According to his notebook entry on February 22, 1891, the idea for the story came in the form of an actual incident divulged by his friend George du Maurier. James juxtaposes an upper-class couple, who have no imagination, with a poor, unrefined girl who has an understanding of the artists purpose. The narrator is an artist who draws in black and white for magazines that print short stories. He employs these people as models. For the artist, illustrating stories is a way to make money, not a form of art. This is explained when he says My illustrations were my pot-boilers; I looked to a different branch of art far and away the most interesting it had always seemed to me to perpetuate my fame. In fact, he would prefer to be known as an artist as opposed to an illustrator of stories.James writes The Real Thing to validate his theory that art is not an exact copy of life, but a reproduction that goes beyond to reveal the truth in reali ty. The narrator of the story expresses an innate preference for the represented subject over the real one: the defect of the real one was so apt to be a lack of representation. When painting his upper-class models, the Major and Mrs. Monarch, he feels forced to make the pictures exact replications of their appearances. The artist describes the paradox of Miss Churm, his regular model: She was only a freckled cockney, but she could represent everything, from a fine lady to a shepherdess.Since he draws gentlemen and ladies in his illustrations, the artist initially believes the Monarchs would be good models, as they truly are of the genteel class. In contrast, James characterizes Miss Churm as the archetypal cockney Londoner of his era. As such, she can only imitate the characters she models for. Trouble soon comes in the narrators effort to use the Monarchs in more than one story. Drawing Mrs. Monarch, he states, She was the real thing, but always the same thing. Mrs. Monarch can o nly represent a woman of her own class. The artist is unable to divine qualities in the woman that reverberate with those in women of any station other than her own. She contains no truth that surpasses her own limited self. Critic Adam Sonstegard asserts that Henry James did not desire a great deal of information on a subject he proposed to write about, since it would limit the range of his imagination (11). Miss Churm has few distinguishing attributes, which lends her figure to expanded development. The artist is free to expound upon her original form.James acknowledges that not everyone understands an artists need for such intellectual freedom. Mrs. Monarch notices that although she and her husband are recognizable in the drawings they modeled for, Miss Churm was hidden. Instead of an inspirational model, idea, or subject being hidden because it is ugly or offensive, it is hidden because it undergoes a metamorphosis that ends with something better. If [Miss Churm] was lost it was only as the dead who go to heaven are lost-in the gain of an angel the more. James includes editors and publishers among those who do not understand the meaning of art. They may work with great artists, and even hold sway over the success of an artists work, but they do not comprehend what the art is meant to convey. The narrators fellow artist and friend, Jack Hawley, describes this sentiment by explaining that the narrator must aspire to the approval of coloro che sanno. James reasons that those people who cannot understand the desire of an artist to find meaning in the mundane should not be involved in the creative process. The narrator exposes James theory in an encounter between his upper-class models, Major and Mrs. Monarch, and his friend Jack Hawley:He looked at them [] as if they were miles away: they were a compendium of everything he most objected to in the social system of his country. Such people as that, all convention and patent-leather, with ejaculations that stop ped conversation, had no business in a studio. A studio was a place to learn to see, and how could you see through a pair of featherbeds?By attempting to participate in the world of artistry, these types of people inhibit the creative process. The suggestion of something, rather than the thing itself, is preferred for inspiration. This illogicality is unsettling, and in the case of the Monarchs, insulting. That Miss Churm and her colleague, Oronte, should be better esteemed in any situation even considering the oddity of artists is incomprehensible and unacceptable to them. Artistic standards are perverse and cruel to the Monarchs.The Real Thing accurately portrays the artistic creative process according to Henry James, a process which is clearly applicable to other areas of artistry as well. Even in photography, which captures a clear, truthful picture, the artist tries to make the audience see something beyond the representation. A writer tells a story that may be about a famili ar, everyday event, but endeavors to show meaning and truth about the human condition within the incident. To merely make an exact copy of the person, place, or event would be relatively straightforward. But this is for dabblers and amateurs. A true artist creates something that represents the subject, bu that is not necessarily an image of proportions exactly the same as those of the model. The Monarchs do not understand art as Henry James defines it: a transcendant portrayal of an aspect of life that brings the obvious, the mundane, to a higher plane. Works CitedBradbury, Nicola. Henry James and the Real Thing: A Modern Readers Guide. The Review of English Studies. August 1996: 47.187. Rpt. in Literature Resource Center. Gale Research, 2001.Hocks, Richard A. Psychology-The Real and the Ethical. Henry James and Pragmatist Thought. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1974. 120-134.James, Henry. The Real Thing. In The Story and Its Writer. Ed. Ann Charters. 6th ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2003. 700-718.Munson, Gorham. The Real Thing: A Parable for Writers of Fiction. The University of Kansas City Review. Summer 1950: Vol. XIV.4. Rpt. in Short Story Criticism: Excerpts from the Criticism of the Works of Short Fiction Writers. Ed. Thomas Votteler. Vol. 8. Detroit: Gale Research, 1991. 296-298. The Real Thing: Overview. Literature Resource Center. Gale Research: 1999.

The Effects of Stereotyping and Prejudice in Crime

In the world we live in today, people are naturally prone to judge others through social comparison. One of the forms of the origins in self-concept, a person judges himself or herself based on the people around them. When the person develops, they create beliefs about people and their groups. Eventually, it leads to stereotypes, prejudice and possibly, discrimination. This What Would You Do experiment uses natural observation to question the racial divide of justice and the notions of race. The scenario takes place in a well-populated park. There is a bike locked to a sign and the confederates attempt to take break the lock to steal the bike. This television episode observed the reactions of the bystanders as they tested three different groups with different confederates. The show broke down the segment into a young white male, black male and white female. Each confederate was treated vastly different due to their labels and other’s perceptions of the individual. Then people were asked about their reactions and why they acted in this manner. The first observation was a young white male, who used tools to break the bike lock and chain. Initially, most of the bystanders noticed him but did nothing to stop him. There were a few who vocalized their concern but generally, most did not report this crime to the authorities. After, they used the same scenario but just changed the person to an African American male, who was dressed similarly. In this observation, people were quickShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Religious Stereotyping And Prejudice On Teens1084 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effects of Religious Stereotyping and Prejudice on Teens All Muslims are terrorists, Jews are greedy bankers, and America is a Christian country. These are just a few of the many stereotypes that cause negative perceptions toward minority religious groups. 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Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Republic of Turkey Founder

Mustafa Kemal Atatà ¼rk (May 19, 1881–November 10, 1938) was a Turkish nationalist and military leader who founded the Republic of Turkey in 1923. Atatà ¼rk served as the countrys first president from 1923 to 1938. He oversaw the passage of numerous reforms that were responsible for transforming Turkey into a modern nation-state. Fast Facts: Mustafa Kemal Atatà ¼rk Known For: Atatà ¼rk was a Turkish nationalist who founded the Republic of Turkey.Also Known As: Mustafa Kemal PashaBorn: May 19, 1881 in Salonica, Ottoman EmpireParents: Ali RÄ ±za Efendi and  Zubeyde HanimDied: November 10, 1938 in Istanbul, TurkeySpouse: Latife Usakligil  (m. 1923–1925)Children: 13 Early Life Mustafa Kemal Atatà ¼rk was born on May 19, 1881, in Salonica, then part of the Ottoman Empire (now Thessaloniki, Greece). His father Ali Riza Efendi may have been ethnically Albanian, though some sources state that his family was made up of nomads from the Konya region of Turkey. Ali Riza Efendi was a minor local official and a timber-seller. Mustafas mother Zubeyde Hanim was a blue-eyed Turkish or possibly Macedonian woman who (unusually for that time) could read and write. Zubeyde Hanim wanted her son to study religion, but Mustafa would grow up with a more secular turn of mind. The couple had six children, but only Mustafa and his sister Makbule Atadan survived to adulthood. Religious and Military Education As a young boy, Mustafa reluctantly attended a religious school. His father later allowed him to transfer to the Semsi Efendi School, a secular private school. When Mustafa was 7, his father died. At the age of 12, Mustafa decided, without consulting his mother, that he would take the entrance exam for a military high school. He then attended the Monastir Military High School and in 1899 enrolled in the Ottoman Military Academy. In January 1905, Mustafa graduated and began his career in the army. Military Career After years of military training, Atatà ¼rk entered the Ottoman Army as a captain. He served in the Fifth Army in Damascus until 1907. He then transferred to Manastir, now known as Bitola, in the Republic of Macedonia. In 1910, he fought to suppress the Albanian uprising in Kosovo. His rising reputation as a military man took off the following year, during the Italo-Turkish War of 1911 to 1912. The Italo-Turkish War arose from a 1902 agreement between Italy and France over dividing Ottoman lands in North Africa. The Ottoman Empire was known at that time as the sick man of Europe, so other European powers were deciding how to share the spoils of its collapse long before the event actually took place. France promised Italy control of Libya, then comprised of three Ottoman provinces, in return for non-interference in Morocco. Italy launched a massive 150,000-man army against Ottoman Libya in September 1911. Atatà ¼rk was one of the Ottoman commanders sent to repel this invasion with only 8,000 regular troops, plus 20,000 local Arab and Bedouin militia members. He was key to the December 1911 Ottoman victory in the Battle of Tobruk, in which 200 Turkish and Arab fighters held off 2,000 Italians and drove them back from the  city of Tobruk. Despite this valiant resistance, Italy overwhelmed the Ottomans. In the October  1912 Treaty of Ouchy, the Ottoman Empire signed away control of the provinces of Tripolitania, Fezzan, and Cyrenaica, which became Italian Libya. Balkan Wars As Ottoman control of the empire eroded, ethnic nationalism spread among the various peoples of the Balkan region. In 1912 and 1913, ethnic conflict broke out twice in the First and Second Balkan Wars. In 1912, the Balkan League (made up of the newly independent Montenegro, Bulgaria, Greece, and Serbia) attacked the Ottoman Empire in order to wrest away control of areas dominated by their respective ethnic groups that were still under Ottoman suzerainty. Through suzerainty, a nation maintains internal autonomy while another nation or region controls foreign policy and international relations. The Ottomans, including Atatà ¼rks troops, lost the First Balkan War. The following year during the Second Balkan War, the Ottomans regained much of the territory of Thrace that had been seized by Bulgaria. This fighting at the frayed edges of the Ottoman Empire was fed by ethnic nationalism. In 1914, a related ethnic and territorial spat between Serbia and the Austro-Hungarian Empire set off a chain reaction that soon involved all of the European powers in what would become World War I. World War I and Gallipoli World War I was a pivotal period in Atatà ¼rks life. The Ottoman Empire joined its allies (Germany and the Austro-Hungarian Empire) to form the Central Powers, fighting against Britain, France, Russia, and Italy. Atatà ¼rk predicted that the Allied Powers would attack the Ottoman Empire at Gallipoli; he commanded the 19th Division of the Fifth Army there. Under Atatà ¼rks leadership, the Turks held off a British and French attempt to advance up the Gallipoli Peninsula, inflicting a key defeat on the Allies. Britain and France sent in a total of 568,000 men over the course of the Gallipoli Campaign, including large numbers of Australians and New Zealanders. Of these, 44,000 were killed and almost 100,000 were wounded. The Ottoman force was smaller, numbering about 315,500 men, of whom about 86,700 were killed and over 164,000 were wounded. The Turks held on to the high ground at Gallipoli, keeping the Allied forces pinned to the beaches. This bloody but successful defensive action formed one of the centerpieces of Turkish nationalism in the years to come, and Atatà ¼rk was at the center of it all. Following the Allied withdrawal from Gallipoli in January 1916, Atatà ¼rk fought successful battles against the Russian Imperial Army in the Caucasus. In March 1917, he received command of the entire Second Army, although their Russian opponents withdrew almost immediately due to the outbreak of the Russian Revolution. The sultan was determined to shore up the Ottoman defenses in Arabia  and prevailed upon Atatà ¼rk to go to Palestine after the British captured Jerusalem in December 1917. He wrote to the government, noting that the situation in Palestine was hopeless, and proposed that a new defensive position be established in Syria. When Constantinople rejected this plan, Atatà ¼rk resigned his post and returned to the capital. As the Central Powers defeat loomed, Atatà ¼rk returned once more to the Arabian Peninsula to supervise an orderly retreat. The Ottoman forces lost the Battle of Megiddo in September 1918. This was the beginning of the end of the Ottoman world. Throughout October and early November, under an armistice with the Allied Powers, Atatà ¼rk organized the withdrawal of the remaining Ottoman forces in the Middle East. He returned to Constantinople on November 13, 1918, to find it occupied by the victorious British and French. The Ottoman Empire was no more. Turkish War of Independence Atatà ¼rk was tasked with reorganizing the tattered Ottoman Army in April 1919  so that it could provide internal security during the transition. Instead, he began to organize the army into a nationalist resistance movement. He issued the Amasya Circular in June of that year, warning that Turkeys independence was in peril. Mustafa Kemal was quite right on that point. The Treaty of Sevres, signed in August 1920, called for the partition of Turkey among France, Britain, Greece, Armenia, the Kurds, and an international force at the Bosporus Strait. Only a small state centered around Ankara would remain in Turkish hands. This plan was completely unacceptable to Atatà ¼rk and his fellow Turkish nationalists. In fact, it meant war. Britain took the lead in dissolving Turkeys parliament and strong-arming the sultan into signing away his remaining rights. In response, Atatà ¼rk called a new national election and had a separate parliament installed, with himself as the speaker. This was known as the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. When the Allied occupation forces tried to partition Turkey as per the Treaty of Sevres, the Grand National Assembly (GNA) put together an army and launched the War of Turkish Independence. Throughout 1921, the GNA army under Atatà ¼rk registered victory after victory against the neighboring powers. By the following autumn, Turkish nationalist troops had pushed the occupying powers out of the Turkish peninsula. Republic of Turkey On July 24, 1923, the GNA and the European powers signed the Treaty of Lausanne, recognizing a fully sovereign Republic of Turkey. As the first elected president of the new Republic, Atatà ¼rk would lead one of the worlds swiftest and most effective modernization campaigns ever. Atatà ¼rk abolished the office of the Muslim Caliphate, which had repercussions for all of Islam. However, no new caliph was appointed elsewhere. Atatà ¼rk also secularized education, encouraging the development of non-religious primary schools for both girls and boys. In 1926, in the most radical reform to date, Atatà ¼rk abolished the Islamic courts and instituted secular civil law throughout Turkey. Women now had equal rights to inherit property and divorce their husbands. The president saw women as an essential part of the workforce if Turkey was to become a wealthy modern nation. Finally, Atatà ¼rk replaced the traditional Arabic script for written Turkish with a new alphabet based on Latin. Death Mustafa Kemal became known as Atatà ¼rk, meaning grandfather or ancestor of the Turks, because of his pivotal role in founding and leading the new, independent state of Turkey. Atatà ¼rk died on November 10, 1938, from cirrhosis of the liver due to excessive alcohol consumption. He was 57 years old. Legacy During his service in the army and his 15 years as president, Atatà ¼rk laid the foundations for the modern Turkish state. While his policies are still debated today, Turkey stands as one of the success stories of the 20th century—due, in large part, to Atatà ¼rks reforms. Sources Gingeras, Ryan. Mustafa Kemal Atatà ¼rk: Heir to an Empire. Oxford University Press, 2016.Mango, Andrew. Atatà ¼rk: The Biography of the Founder of Modern Turkey. Overlook Press, 2002.

Our Children Are Not Poverty Pornography - 1233 Words

In Dave McBride’s â€Å"Our Children Are Not Poverty Porn† he addresses the issues that arise from considering Native children, youth and families as victims. Although this may be the case there are a lot of ideas such as self-determination, â€Å"resilience† and the â€Å"ecological model† which help address the ways that these Native people can be empowered to become leaders and intellectuals, leaving the stereotypes behind. People tend to forget that the Indigenous peoples traditions and cultures run much deeper then many think. As we have learned from the changes that have occurred after colonization and the displacement of these individuals these are people with strong self-determination. Although many people view them as sad, broken and dying there is many reasons why these people still exist today. As explained by Stephen Cornell in â€Å"American Indian Self-Determination†, only about 1.5 percent (4.7 million AI/AN people) of the total population today is made up of American Indian and Alaska Natives (Cornell, p.3). So we ask ourselves what must a population so small do to gain recognition and credibility as people of change and intelligence? As many people already know Indian land reservations for AI/AN people were established through years of court cases, treaties, unconstitutional forced migrations and oppression. Those in power in the United States during these times began to create treaties with tribal nations to secure land. Fortunately, American Indian self-determination has inShow MoreRelatedThe Vows Of Poverty, Chastity, And Obedience1071 Words   |  5 Pagesvows of poverty, chastity, and obedience allow me to fulfill God’s will, increase my holiness, and spread love among those whom I shall encounter? I must face the fact that I am not Christ, I am a sinner. 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As a small child, the grandfather who served as his father figure was Ted s beloved role model from whom he was involuntarily separated when his mother moved him to Washington State. Being torn from this father figure he

The Battle of Cannae - 1172 Words

The battle of Cannae was the third victory for the Carthaginians against the Romans, during the second Punic War [ca. 216 BCE]. The battle at Cannae would prove to be the battle that made Hannibal famous, and nearly bring the entire Roman Empire to its knees. For the Carthaginians the battle brought great victory and support to their interracial army. For the Romans it brought symbolic importance and lessons learned as well as the need for military strategic adaptation. Hannibal a great general by the age of 26 was sworn in his youth to look on the Romans with utter contempt and to destroy them in their highest ranks. The Romans on the other hand mocked Hannibal time and time again by sending out their lesser soldiers. By the time the†¦show more content†¦Hannibal proceeded to send out his African veterans to form two wings on either side of the Romans. Suddenly the crescent formation began to break up and the Romans began to flood in like a dam that has burst. Scores and s cores of them began to overtake Hannibal and his men. However the veteran Africans stood firm unlike the Roman Calvary who had fled. On the Carthaginian right wing the Numidians had triumphed over the Romans allied Calvary. Ill- matched as the Carthaginian right wing Calvary where amongst the most skilful horsemen in the world. They now pursued the enemy as they fled. At the same time the Roma legions continued to drive at Hannibal’s center. â€Å"They had penetrated so far that the African infantry on the wings projected on either side like the banks enclosing a moving river of armour.† Meanwhile Hasdrubal, Hannibal’s staff officer, who heeded the Carthaginian heavy Calvary, had completely routed the Roman right wing and now brought his horsemen around behind the roman Legions, attacking the allied horse on their left. Already disorientated from the attack by the Numidians, the Carthaginian heavy Calvary on the Romans rear proved to be too much and completed th e collapse of the Roman left wing. At a trumpets sound the moment had arrived. Hannibal’s tactic of â€Å"double envelopment† of the Roman Legions was complete. â€Å"The African troop’s heavily armed, disciplined and fresh, made their move: those onShow MoreRelatedBattle Of Cannae : The Romans1805 Words   |  8 Pages27 6/4/15 Term Paper Battle of Cannae When people think of the Roman Empire they think about the Romans excellence in everything. The Romans had their flaws, however, and it was on full display during the second Punic war when a specific battle called Cannae took place. This battle which took place on August 2, 216 highlights an important fight in the war between the Carthage Army led by Hannibal and the superpower in Rome led by officials Lucius Paullus and Gaius Varro (Cannae, 17). In what is consideredRead MoreHannibal: Romes Greatest Enemy744 Words   |  3 PagesSpanish holdings of Carthage. Eight years later, Hasdrubal was murdered, and Hannibal was elected leader of the entire Carthaginian army at the age of 26. Throughout his life, Hannibal faced many trials, such as his crossing of the Alps, the Battle of Cannae, and eventually, his losses. In 218 BC, when Hannibal was 29 years old, he took 50,000 infantry, 10,000 cavalry, and 37 African elephants with him and set out for Italy. With no remaining navy they would have to take a land route, leaving onlyRead MoreEssay on Hannibal’s Tactical Defeat of the Roman Army at Cannae1319 Words   |  6 PagesThe Battle of Cannae, between the Carthaginian General Hannibal and the larger Roman army under the command of Lucius Aemilius Paulus and Gaius Terentius Varro in 216 B.C. serves as one of the most influential tactical battles in history. Two enemy forces faced off using very different tactics. The Roman Empire had succeeded in amassing over 50,000 infantry troops and an estimated 6,000 cavalry troops. The Roman army planned to use its vast numbers to subdue the smaller numbered forces of theRead MoreHow did Rome’s creation myth influence its character? Essay627 Words   |  3 Pagesconsul, refused to leave with his troops from his fortifications as they wer e being surrounded by enemy Etruscans. Cincinnatus, appointed dictator because of his leadership abilities, left his small, three acre farm to lead his Roman Legions into battle. Not only was the Roman dictator a poor farmer, the leader of his cavalry troops and the best soldier in Rome, Lucius Tarquintius, had no money for a horse! Rome’s troops were led by poor men, yet they inspired the men more than a rich man ever couldRead MoreThe Battle Of The Punic Wars2439 Words   |  10 Pagesthrough the Romans in Ticinus, Trebia, and Lake Trasimene and Hannibal’s reputation grew as did his army. At this point in the war, he dictated the rules. This chain of events led to the Battle of Cannae in 216 B.C. (History.com, 2009). The Battle of Cannae took place on August 2, 216 B.C. in Italy, near the town of Cannae. The Roman forces, led by Gaius Terentius Varro and Lucius Aemilius Paullus, consisted of a heavy infantry and cavalry of about 80,000 troops. These two consuls were equipped with eightRead MoreEssay on the Punic Wars650 Words   |  3 Pagesleave battle. However, he was inhumanly cruel and untruthful. Hannibal marched his huge army of almost 60,000 soldiers and some war elephants across the Alps and straight into Italy all the, way from Spain. On the way, he lost almost half of his army and all his war elephants and came to face Rome with only 26,000 soldiers. Although his army was tired from the journey, he literally smashed the Roman armies in northern Italy. During the next sixteen years Hannibal won a series of great battles in ItalyRead MoreAnalysis Of David Hanson s Carnage And Culture Essay1444 Words   |  6 PagesQuestion2: In Carnage and Culture, Victor David Hanson expressed a slanted perspective about the crucial battles in western history in order to support his theory that western militaristic strategies are superior to alternative forms of warfare. He fostered his sentiments by explaining how specific battle tactics can unify or divide a nation in a matter of moments. However, his reference to the concept that western warriors continuously triumph in war, is expressed in a manner that does not fullyRead MoreHannibal’s Tactical Defeat of The Roman Army at Cannae Essay1226 Words   |  5 PagesThe battle of Cannae, between the Carthaginian general Hannibal and the larger Roman army under the command of consuls Lucius Aemilius Paulus and Gaius Terentius Varro, in 216 B.C., still serves as one of the most influential tactical battles in history. Two enemy forces were to face off using very different tactics. The Roman Empire had succeeded in amassing a staggering 50,000 or greater number of infantry troops and a disputed 6,000 cavalry troops. The Roman army was to use its vast numbersRead MoreHannibal: Africa’s Tactical Genius Essay1202 Words   |  5 Pageselephants braving the harsh climate and terrain, the guerilla tactics of the native tribes and commanding an extremely lingual-diverse army. He was a distinguished tactician, able to determine his opponent’s strengths and weaknesses, and coordinate his battles accordingly. He also wasn’t above making allies when the time called for it, winning over many allies of Rome in the process during his 15-year invasion before a Roman counter-invasion of North Africa forced him back home to Carthage where he wasRead MoreThe Battle Of The Second Punic War2071 Words   |  9 Pagesthe entire civilized world at the time. The battles of the second Punic War show Hannibal Barca to be not only the greatest military leader of his age, but perhaps one of the greatest generals of all time. By examining one of Hannibal’s most spectacular victories, the paradigm for a battle of annihilation, military professionals can learn how the Roman commanders might have defeated Carthage’s General. In conducting an analysis of the Battle of Cannae, I will postulate an alternate outcome by introducing

Schizophrenia for Eating - Bathing and Dressing -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theSchizophrenia for Eating, Bathing and Dressing. Answer: Schizophrenia is a severe mental and chronic disorder that affects the thinking, feeling and behaviour of an individual. The patients with schizophrenia seem to lose touch with reality. Schizophrenia is a neuropsychiatric disorder that affects the three main areas: two areas in the frontal lobe and CA1 area in the hippocampus that comprises of a small region. Although it is not a terribly common disease, it is a severe one. Globally, about 1% of the population is diagnosed with this disease mainly 1.2% (3.2 million) suffer from schizophrenia (Farmer Chapman, 2016). The lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia is 0.87% and incidence is 15.2 in 100,000 persons that show prominent variation. Epidemiological studies show that lifetime prevalence is around 1% according to National Institute for Mental Health, 2015 (National Institute for Mental Health (2015). In a recent Singapore study on mental health, Multi-Disciplinary Team (MDT) is required for care delivery by different healthcare prof essionals in providing care to the schizophrenic patients. Therefore, the following assignment will discuss the development of MDT, identification of interventions in providing best care while working with clients suffering from mental health conditions in Singapore. Schizophrenia is a severe and challenging disorder in which a person is unable to distinguish between unreal and real, clearly think, manage motions and function normally. There is fear, confusion experienced in schizophrenic patients and seem to withdraw from the social world. There is also disruption of normal daily activities like eating, bathing, dressing or running errands. Schizophrenia is likely to develop more in males than females at an earlier age between 16 and 25 years and average onset age is 25 in women and 18 in men. The peak onset of the disease in males is 20-28 years and in females, 26-32 years (Chong et al., 2017). The onset is rare in childhood as compared to middle or older age groups. According to World Health Organization (WHO), schizophrenia affects more than 21 million people globally; however, it is not common as compared to other mental health disorders (World Health Organization, 2010). There is stigmatization, discrimination and violation of rights of peo ple living with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a clinical diagnosis that is differentiated from other medical illnesses where there is requirement of integration of medical, psychosocial and psychological inputs carried out by MDT. Antipsychotic medications help in the prevention of relapses or in diminishing the positive schizophrenic symptoms. The exact etiology of schizophrenia is still unknown. However, research suggests that it is a combination of causes including genetics and environmental factors. According to Ripke et al., (2013) the genomic experiments suggest that schizophrenia is mainly associated with SNPs with alleles and uncommon copy number variations (mainly deletions). Recently, researchers have identified a gene named C4 or complement component 4 that is involved in immune system that increases the risk of the mental illness (Sekar et al., 2016). After the conduction of tests in mice and humans, this identified gene is involved in the elimination of connections between neurons called synaptic pruning. The strongest genetic predictor that increases schizophrenia risk is located on chromosome 6 on DNA (Ripke et al., 2014). According to Reichenberg et al., (2016) although genetic factors are involved in the disease etiology, environment also plays an important role in the development of the illness affecting gene expression. In the early life, factors like maternal nutrition, obstetric complications, maternal stress and postnatal or prenatal infections increases the risk of schizophrenia as proposed by EU-GEI, 2014. In the later life, drug abuse, ethnicity or migration, social adversity, urbanization is also the environmental factors that might increase the risk of this illness. The contributing factors that increases schizophrenia risk has a great impact on the life of the people suffering from the disease. It affects their everyday life and overall quality of life. It is troublesome to life alteration that affects personal, professional and social life. There is tendency of the individuals to withdraw themselves from others and exhibit mood behaviors that are inappropriate making relationships difficu lt. Symptoms associated with the disease like delusions or hallucinations hinder them from participating their family chores and social life. There is also reduced physical performance due to worsening of physical health exacerbating Activities of Daily Living (ADL) disability (Patel et al., 2014). The resultant impairments are witnessed across ADL from basic activities to mobility and job skills. Concisely, schizophrenia has a potential impact on the motor abilities, cognition and physical capacity hampering overall quality of life. Schizophrenia is a complex disorder that involves the multiple pathways dysregulation where dopaminergic, GABAergic and glutamatergic neurotransmitter are affected. Anatomic, immune system and neurotransmitter abnormalities have implications on the schizophrenia pathophysiology. There is identification of deficits in the acetylcholine muscarinic receptors where inflammation has been found to be the major contributor to the development, exacerbation of schizophrenia. Neuroimaging studies shows that there is decrease in brain volume, enlarged ventricles in the medial temporal areas along with changes witnessed in hippocampus. Anatomic abnormalities are seen in the limbic and neocortical regions and in the interconnection of white-matter tracts that are reduced in the brains of schizophrenic patients. There are abnormalities seen in the dopaminergic systems exhibiting hypodopaminergic activity in mesocortical system that leads to negative symptoms and hyperdopaminergic activity that lead to positive symptoms (Jenkins, 2013). There is also over activation and disturbance in the immune system that may result in inflammatory cytokines over expression and alteration in function and structure of brain. For example, elevated proinflammatory cytokine level activates kynurenine pathway where tryptophan is metabolized into quinolinic and kynurenic acids. These acids cause regulation of NMDA receptor activity involved in the regulation of dopamine. Metabolic disturbances and insulin resistance are common in schizophrenia linked to inflammation (Lee et al., 2014). Therefore, inflammation may be related to the schizophrenia psychopathology and metabolic disturbances. The complications of schizophrenia are devastating as it affects the human emotion, thought and expression. There are only 20% of the full recovery chances after a first schizophrenic episode that improves their quality of life. Among the medical illnesses, diabetes occurs in schizophrenia as the anti-psychotic drugs elevate the blood sugar levels. In addition, depression is also common because of negative social impact common in the later adulthood. It also affects the social status, as there is decline in the inability to perform the ADLs and earn a living. The long-term effects include relationships and professional life that leads to social exclusion. Intelligence is also affected, as there is decline in IQ reflecting early nerve damage, however, it is not an inevitable cause for schizophrenia disease progression. Suicide is also a complication due to the frightening behavior and they tend to withdraw themselves from others or causes self-harm. An estimated, 9-14% of people commi t suicide out of 20-50% schizophrenic patients and behave violently as compared to the general population (Howes Murray, 2014). The above description shows that schizophrenia is a serious mental health problem that is occurring widely, frequently causing severe disability, and diminishing quality of life. There is high incidence and prevalence of schizophrenia worldwide that is contributing to the burden of disease. Schizophrenia is a psychotic condition that is affecting the overall quality of life indicating lower quality of life, loss of productivity, distress and secondary mental health problems like depression for the patients, their families and caregivers. Therefore, the above discussion shows that this mental health problem of schizophrenia is worth investigating and requires MDT approach for the care delivery to the patients. For the treatment of schizophrenia, MDT approach that integrates psychopharmacologist, therapist, physicians, clinical pharmacists, nurses being the valuable members of the team. This MDT comprises of consultant who would discuss the medical problems related to schizophrenia along with prescribed medication. The psychiatrist would discuss the aspects of the illness so that the patient has a better look in overall life. The psychiatrist would discuss with the doctors and help in the recovery process for the clinical and social functioning of the schizophrenia patient. Social worker is also important who would encourage the patient for social integration and cope with environmental life aspects. Among this MDT, nurses play the most important role that provide all aspects of care in every phase of the disease in the psychiatric setting. Psychotherapist provides effective therapy for the best management of the unhealthy thinking in schizophrenia and develops new patterns that can help pa tient learn best ways to manage symptoms. The interventions are discussed in the next section. Antipsychotic treatment is the first pharmacological intervention that is used for the prevention of relapses and positive symptoms of schizophrenia (Kishimoto et al., 2013). Approximately, relapses occur within 1 year in around 80% of the patients if the medications are suddenly stopped. The choice of drug for schizophrenia treatment depends on the factors like cost, effectiveness, method of delivery, side-effect burden, tolerability and availability. The best choice of drug is the second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs), major tranquilizers or neuroleptic medications helps in diminishing the symptoms and in reducing the chances of relapses. SGAs have minimal extrapyramidal side effects (EP) as compared to the first generation counterparts. SGAs class of drugs includes clozapine, aripiprazole, iloperidone, olanzapine, risperidone, olanzapine, paliperidone. These class of drugs have prominent serotonin 5HT2A combined with D2 antagonism along with a unique receptor-binding profile for muscarinic, histamine and and serotonin receptors (Fonseka, Richter Mller, 2014). SGAs work principally by antagonizing or blocking the dopamine action at its receptors that in turn decreases the chemical signals that drives the violent or psychotic behaviour. The rationale for choosing this class of drugs is that EPS risk is less that are characterized by tremors, muscular rigidity, restlessness, shuffling movement and muscular spasms that result in abnormal posture (Nielsen et al., 2015). This new generation of antipsychotics are better tolerated and superior in the treatment of negative schizophrenic symptoms. It also reduces the tardive dyskinesia having more clinical efficacy in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. The areas of brain where cognition and emotion balance are affected by dopamine and serotonin; SGAs perform dual function to reset the balance when altered. Therefore, this class of drugs balances the disturbances in neurotransmitters that are manifested in schizophrenia being the best pharmacological treatment option. However, SGAs can cause side effects and bad interactions when used with other medications. It may cause uncontrollable movements like tremors, muscle spasms, weight gain, drowsiness, dizziness, restlessness, dry mouth, vomiting. The safe administration is important and among the MDT, nurses play the vital role in understanding the medication pharmacology, side effects and contraindications in a hospital setting. According to Divac et al., (2014) nurses lack in-depth knowledge about antipsychotics and fail to identify the potential adverse side effect of antipsychotics. Therefore, nurses have to consider parameters like patient safety, Extrapyramidal Syndromes, metabolic considerations, QTc Prolongation and Torsades de Pointes and employ patient education. Routine assessment of neurological status, ambulatory status and orthostatic vital signs is important for patient safety. Nurse should look for the EPS via early detection and look for serum glucose, weight, serum lipids and choles terol levels in the patient. Finally, for the safe use of drugs and reduce side effects, patient should be educated to look for the adverse effects and encourage them to continue with the prescribed medications. Another intervention is cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) that treats the schizophrenia residual symptoms (both positive and negative types). CBT help the patients to learn them to live better, avoid relapse and reduction in certain symptoms. A psychotherapist helps the patient to change their perspectives of harmful or destructive beliefs and reduce suicidal ideation in an outpatient setting. The therapist helps the patient in transforming the negative or harmful cognitive patterns into positive and healthy beliefs (Subramaniam et al., 2012). The rationale for choosing CBT is that it helps patients to identify the triggering symptoms and handle their stresses and responsibilities better while living with the disease. The role of a psychotherapist is not to cure the disease, but to improve the functional ability of the person, independence, better management and reduction of stress that they experience in their daily life. Behavioural experiments, cognitive restructuring, coping sk ill training and self-monitoring are the CBT approaches that help patients to lead a normal life while living with the disease. Community services are also helpful that work in conjunction with the psychiatric care for the schizophrenic patients that minimize the social impact of the disease. Community-based mental health services provide full range of mental health care that are dedicated in the treatment and helping patients to relieve them from distress and enhance social inclusion. There is stigmatization and discrimination regarding mental health disorders and so, community care services emphasize on the improvement of quality of life, de-stigmatization of mental illness and promotion of self-sufficiency. Silver Ribbon in Singapore reaches out to the schizophrenic patients to help them build positive mental health. The community resources provide them an opportunity for the patients to reintegrate into the local community and help them lead a normal life. Singapore Association for Mental Health (SAMH), SACS that provide peer support, illness management and recovery program for schizophrenia. Club Heal ai ms to empower and assist schizophrenic patients to regain confidence and help them in community reintegration. National Council of Social Service provides support to schizophrenic patients for community integration by providing support services for seamless recovery. In Singapore, schizophrenia is the ninth leading cause of disability (2.7% since 2007, disability-adjusted life-years) and has been incorporated in the National Chronic Disease Management for the enhancement of patients care suffering from schizophrenia. It requires MDT approach for care delivery by different healthcare professionals in providing care to the schizophrenic patients. Researchers have identified a gene named C4 or complement component 4 that is involved in immune system that increases the risk of the mental illness. Antipsychotic treatment is the first pharmacological intervention and CBT improve the functional ability of the person, independence, better management and reduction of stress that they experience in their daily life. Community-based mental health services provide full range of mental health care for social inclusion and improve their quality of life. References Chong, S. A., Abdin, E., Vaingankar, J. A., Heng, D., Sherbourne, C., Yap, M., ... Subramaniam, M. (2017). A population-based survey of mental disorders in Singapore. Retrieved from: https://open-access.imh.com.sg/handle/123456789/4547 Divac, N., Prostran, M., Jakovcevski, I., Cerovac, N. (2014). Second-generation antipsychotics and extrapyramidal adverse effects.BioMed research international,2014. Doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/656370 European Network of National Networks studying Gene-Environment Interactions in Schizophrenia (EU-GEI. (2014). Identifying gene-environment interactions in schizophrenia: contemporary challenges for integrated, large-scale investigations.Schizophrenia bulletin,40(4), 729. Doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbu069 Farmer, R. F., Chapman, A. L. (2016).Behavioral activation. American Psychological Association. Fonseka, T. M., Richter, M. A., Mller, D. J. (2014). Second generation antipsychotic-induced obsessive-compulsive symptoms in schizophrenia: a review of the experimental literature.Current psychiatry reports,16(11), 510. Doi: 10.1007/s11920-014-0510-8 Howes, O. D., Murray, R. M. (2014). Schizophrenia: an integrated sociodevelopmental-cognitive model.The Lancet,383(9929), 1677-1687. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62036-X Jenkins, T. A. (2013). Perinatal complications and schizophrenia: involvement of the immune system.Frontiers in neuroscience,7. Doi: 10.3389/fnins.2013.00110 Kishimoto, T., Agarwal, V., Kishi, T., Leucht, S., Kane, J. M., Correll, C. U. (2013). Relapse prevention in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of second-generation antipsychotics versus first-generation antipsychotics.Molecular psychiatry,18(1), 53. Doi: 10.1038/mp.2011.143 Lee, A. A., McKibbin, C. L., Bourassa, K. A., Wykes, T. L., Andren, K. A. K. (2014). Depression, diabetic complications and disability among persons with comorbid schizophrenia and type 2 diabetes.Psychosomatics,55(4), 343-351.Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psym.2013.12.015 National Institute for Mental Health (2015) Schizophrenia homepage. Retrieved 15 June 2015, from: https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/schizophrenia/index.shtml Nielsen, R. E., Levander, S., Kjaersdam Telleus, G., Jensen, S. O. W., stergaard Christensen, T., Leucht, S. (2015). Second?generation antipsychotic effect on cognition in patients with schizophreniaa meta?analysis of randomized clinical trials.Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica,131(3), 185-196. Doi: 10.1111/acps.12374 Patel, R., Jayatilleke, N., Jackson, R., Shetty, H., Stewart, R., McGuire, P. (2014). Poster# S170 Identifying Negative Symptoms In Schizophrenia And Association With Clinical Outcomes Using Natural Language Processing.Schizophrenia Research,153, S151.Doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0920-9964(14)70449-9 Reichenberg, A., Cederlf, M., McMillan, A., Trzaskowski, M., Kapara, O., Fruchter, E., ... Plomin, R. (2016). Discontinuity in the genetic and environmental causes of the intellectual disability spectrum.Proceedings of the National Academy of sciences,113(4), 1098-1103. Doi: 10.1073/pnas.1508093112 Ripke, S., Neale, B. M., Corvin, A., Walters, J. T., Farh, K. H., Holmans, P. A., ... Pers, T. H. (2014). Biological insights from 108 schizophrenia-associated genetic loci.Nature,511(7510), 421. Doi:10.1038/nature13595 Ripke, S., O'Dushlaine, C., Chambert, K., Moran, J. L., Khler, A. K., Akterin, S., ... Kim, Y. (2013). Genome-wide association analysis identifies 13 new risk loci for schizophrenia.Nature genetics,45(10), 1150-1159. doi:10.1038/ng.2742 Sekar, A., Bialas, A. R., de Rivera, H., Davis, A., Hammond, T. R., Kamitaki, N., ... Genovese, G. (2016). Schizophrenia risk from complex variation of complement component 4.Nature,530(7589), 177. Doi: 10.1038/nature16549 Subramaniam, M., Vaingankar, J., Heng, D., Kwok, K. W., Lim, Y. W., Yap, M., Chong, S. A. (2012). The Singapore Mental Health Study: an overview of the methodology.International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research,21(2), 149-157. Doi: 10.1002/mpr.1351 World Health Organisation (2010). International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision version 2010. Retrieved June 20, 2012 from https://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2010/en#/